There are different types of private limited companies based on their liability and structure:

 1. Listed Public Limited Company:

These companies are listed on a recognized stock exchange and their shares are available for trading to the general public.

• Key Features:
  • Shares are traded on stock exchanges, providing liquidity to shareholders.
  • Subject to stringent regulatory requirements and disclosure norms.
  • Suitable for companies looking to raise capital from a wide investor base.

 2. Unlisted Public Limited Company:

These companies are public limited companies but their shares are not listed on any stock exchange.

• Key Features:
  • Shares are not traded publicly but can be offered to a select group of investors.
  • Less stringent regulatory requirements compared to listed companies.
  • Suitable for companies that want to maintain a public structure without the complexities of being listed.

 3. Government Public Limited Company:

These are public limited companies where the majority of the shares (51% or more) are held by the central or state government.

• Key Features:
  • Operates under government ownership and control.
  • Often established to serve public interests and provide essential services.
  • Examples include public sector undertakings (PSUs) like Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).

 4. Non-Government Public Limited Company:

These companies are public limited companies with no government ownership. They are entirely owned by private individuals or entities.

• Key Features:
  • Fully privately owned and managed.
  • Operates in various sectors, including manufacturing, services, technology, etc.
  • Examples include companies like Reliance Industries and Tata Motors.

 5. Holding Public Limited Company:

A holding public limited company owns and controls the shares of one or more subsidiary companies, but does not necessarily conduct its own business operations.

• Key Features:
  • Controls subsidiary companies through significant shareholding.
  • Primarily focuses on managing and overseeing the operations of its subsidiaries.
  • Can be either listed or unlisted.

 6. Subsidiary Public Limited Company:

A subsidiary public limited company is controlled by another company, known as the holding or parent company, which holds a significant portion of its shares.

• Key Features:
  • Operates under the control of a parent or holding company.
  • May or may not be listed on a stock exchange.
  • Examples include subsidiaries of large conglomerates.

 7. Joint Venture Public Limited Company:

These are public limited companies formed by two or more entities (either individuals or companies) to undertake a specific business venture together.

• Key Features:
  • Jointly owned and managed by the partnering entities.
  • Combines resources and expertise from the participating entities.
  • Examples include companies formed for large infrastructure projects or strategic business initiatives.

 8. Multinational Public Limited Company:

A multinational public limited company operates in multiple countries, with its headquarters in one country and branches or subsidiaries in other countries.

• • • Key Features:
      • Operates on a global scale with international presence.
      • Adheres to regulatory requirements in multiple jurisdictions.
      • Examples include global corporations like Coca-Cola and Unilever.